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Editing: access
# ACCESS(5) ACCESS(5) # # NAME # access - Postfix SMTP server access table # # SYNOPSIS # postmap /etc/postfix/access # # postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/access # # postmap -q - /etc/postfix/access <inputfile # # DESCRIPTION # This document describes access control on remote SMTP # client information: host names, network addresses, and # envelope sender or recipient addresses; it is implemented # by the Postfix SMTP server. See header_checks(5) or # body_checks(5) for access control on the content of email # messages. # # Normally, the access(5) table is specified as a text file # that serves as input to the postmap(1) command. The # result, an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for # fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command # "postmap /etc/postfix/access" to rebuild an indexed file # after changing the corresponding text file. # # When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, # LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary # indexed files. # # Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular- # expression map where patterns are given as regular expres- # sions, or lookups can be directed to TCP-based server. In # those cases, the lookups are done in a slightly different # way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES" # or "TCP-BASED TABLES". # # CASE FOLDING # The search string is folded to lowercase before database # lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case # folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose # lookup fields can match both upper and lower case. # # TABLE FORMAT # The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows: # # pattern action # When pattern matches a mail address, domain or host # address, perform the corresponding action. # # blank lines and comments # Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, # as are lines whose first non-whitespace character # is a `#'. # # multi-line text # A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A # line that starts with whitespace continues a logi- # cal line. # # EMAIL ADDRESS PATTERNS # With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from # networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are # tried in the order as listed below: # # user@domain # Matches the specified mail address. # # domain.tld # Matches domain.tld as the domain part of an email # address. # # The pattern domain.tld also matches subdomains, but # only when the string smtpd_access_maps is listed in # the Postfix parent_domain_matches_subdomains con- # figuration setting. # # .domain.tld # Matches subdomains of domain.tld, but only when the # string smtpd_access_maps is not listed in the Post- # fix parent_domain_matches_subdomains configuration # setting. # # user@ Matches all mail addresses with the specified user # part. # # Note: lookup of the null sender address is not possible # with some types of lookup table. By default, Postfix uses # <> as the lookup key for such addresses. The value is # specified with the smtpd_null_access_lookup_key parameter # in the Postfix main.cf file. # # EMAIL ADDRESS EXTENSION # When a mail address localpart contains the optional recip- # ient delimiter (e.g., user+foo@domain), the lookup order # becomes: user+foo@domain, user@domain, domain, user+foo@, # and user@. # # HOST NAME/ADDRESS PATTERNS # With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from # networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the following # lookup patterns are examined in the order as listed: # # domain.tld # Matches domain.tld. # # The pattern domain.tld also matches subdomains, but # only when the string smtpd_access_maps is listed in # the Postfix parent_domain_matches_subdomains con- # figuration setting. # # .domain.tld # Matches subdomains of domain.tld, but only when the # string smtpd_access_maps is not listed in the Post- # fix parent_domain_matches_subdomains configuration # setting. # # net.work.addr.ess # # net.work.addr # # net.work # # net Matches the specified IPv4 host address or subnet- # work. An IPv4 host address is a sequence of four # decimal octets separated by ".". # # Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating # the last ".octet" from the remote IPv4 host address # string until a match is found in the access table, # or until further truncation is not possible. # # NOTE 1: The access map lookup key must be in canon- # ical form: do not specify unnecessary null charac- # ters, and do not enclose network address informa- # tion with "[]" characters. # # NOTE 2: use the cidr lookup table type to specify # network/netmask patterns. See cidr_table(5) for # details. # # net:work:addr:ess # # net:work:addr # # net:work # # net Matches the specified IPv6 host address or subnet- # work. An IPv6 host address is a sequence of three # to eight hexadecimal octet pairs separated by ":". # # Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating # the last ":octetpair" from the remote IPv6 host # address string until a match is found in the access # table, or until further truncation is not possible. # # NOTE 1: the truncation and comparison are done with # the string representation of the IPv6 host address. # Thus, not all the ":" subnetworks will be tried. # # NOTE 2: The access map lookup key must be in canon- # ical form: do not specify unnecessary null charac- # ters, and do not enclose network address informa- # tion with "[]" characters. # # NOTE 3: use the cidr lookup table type to specify # network/netmask patterns. See cidr_table(5) for # details. # # IPv6 support is available in Postfix 2.2 and later. # # ACCEPT ACTIONS # OK Accept the address etc. that matches the pattern. # # all-numerical # An all-numerical result is treated as OK. This for- # mat is generated by address-based relay authoriza- # tion schemes such as pop-before-smtp. # # REJECT ACTIONS # Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status # codes as defined in RFC 3463. When no code is specified # at the beginning of the text below, Postfix inserts a # default enhanced status code of "5.7.1" in the case of # reject actions, and "4.7.1" in the case of defer actions. # See "ENHANCED STATUS CODES" below. # # 4NN text # # 5NN text # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern, # and respond with the numerical three-digit code and # text. 4NN means "try again later", while 5NN means # "do not try again". # # The following responses have special meaning for # the Postfix SMTP server: # # 421 text (Postfix 2.3 and later) # # 521 text (Postfix 2.6 and later) # After responding with the numerical three- # digit code and text, disconnect immediately # from the SMTP client. This frees up SMTP # server resources so that they can be made # available to another SMTP client. # # Note: The "521" response should be used only # with botnets and other malware where inter- # operability is of no concern. The "send 521 # and disconnect" behavior is NOT defined in # the SMTP standard. # # REJECT optional text... # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. # Reply with "$access_map_reject_code optional # text..." when the optional text is specified, oth- # erwise reply with a generic error response message. # # DEFER optional text... # Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. # Reply with "$access_map_defer_code optional # text..." when the optional text is specified, oth- # erwise reply with a generic error response message. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.6 and later. # # DEFER_IF_REJECT optional text... # Defer the request if some later restriction would # result in a REJECT action. Reply with # "$access_map_defer_code 4.7.1 optional text..." # when the optional text is specified, otherwise # reply with a generic error response message. # # Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # DEFER_IF_PERMIT optional text... # Defer the request if some later restriction would # result in a an explicit or implicit PERMIT action. # Reply with "$access_map_defer_code 4.7.1 optional # text..." when the optional text is specified, oth- # erwise reply with a generic error response message. # # Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # OTHER ACTIONS # restriction... # Apply the named UCE restriction(s) (permit, reject, # reject_unauth_destination, and so on). # # BCC user@domain # Send one copy of the message to the specified # recipient. # # If multiple BCC actions are specified within the # same SMTP MAIL transaction, only the last action # will be used. # # This feature is not part of the stable Postfix # release. # # DISCARD optional text... # Claim successful delivery and silently discard the # message. Log the optional text if specified, oth- # erwise log a generic message. # # Note: this action currently affects all recipients # of the message. To discard only one recipient # without discarding the entire message, use the # transport(5) table to direct mail to the discard(8) # service. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # DUNNO Pretend that the lookup key was not found. This # prevents Postfix from trying substrings of the # lookup key (such as a subdomain name, or a network # address subnetwork). # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # FILTER transport:destination # After the message is queued, send the entire mes- # sage through the specified external content filter. # The transport name specifies the first field of a # mail delivery agent definition in master.cf; the # syntax of the next-hop destination is described in # the manual page of the corresponding delivery # agent. More information about external content # filters is in the Postfix FILTER_README file. # # Note 1: do not use $number regular expression sub- # stitutions for transport or destination unless you # know that the information has a trusted origin. # # Note 2: this action overrides the main.cf con- # tent_filter setting, and affects all recipients of # the message. In the case that multiple FILTER # actions fire, only the last one is executed. # # Note 3: the purpose of the FILTER command is to # override message routing. To override the recipi- # ent's transport but not the next-hop destination, # specify an empty filter destination (Postfix 2.7 # and later), or specify a transport:destination that # delivers through a different Postfix instance # (Postfix 2.6 and earlier). Other options are using # the recipient-dependent transport_maps or the sen- # der-dependent sender_dependent_default_transport- # _maps features. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # HOLD optional text... # Place the message on the hold queue, where it will # sit until someone either deletes it or releases it # for delivery. Log the optional text if specified, # otherwise log a generic message. # # Mail that is placed on hold can be examined with # the postcat(1) command, and can be destroyed or # released with the postsuper(1) command. # # Note: use "postsuper -r" to release mail that was # kept on hold for a significant fraction of $maxi- # mal_queue_lifetime or $bounce_queue_lifetime, or # longer. Use "postsuper -H" only for mail that will # not expire within a few delivery attempts. # # Note: this action currently affects all recipients # of the message. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # PREPEND headername: headervalue # Prepend the specified message header to the mes- # sage. When more than one PREPEND action executes, # the first prepended header appears before the sec- # ond etc. prepended header. # # Note: this action must execute before the message # content is received; it cannot execute in the con- # text of smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # REDIRECT user@domain # After the message is queued, send the message to # the specified address instead of the intended # recipient(s). # # Note: this action overrides the FILTER action, and # currently affects all recipients of the message. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # WARN optional text... # Log a warning with the optional text, together with # client information and if available, with helo, # sender, recipient and protocol information. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # ENHANCED STATUS CODES # Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status # codes as defined in RFC 3463. When an enhanced status # code is specified in an access table, it is subject to # modification. The following transformations are needed # when the same access table is used for client, helo, # sender, or recipient access restrictions; they happen # regardless of whether Postfix replies to a MAIL FROM, RCPT # TO or other SMTP command. # # o When a sender address matches a REJECT action, the # Postfix SMTP server will transform a recipient DSN # status (e.g., 4.1.1-4.1.6) into the corresponding # sender DSN status, and vice versa. # # o When non-address information matches a REJECT # action (such as the HELO command argument or the # client hostname/address), the Postfix SMTP server # will transform a sender or recipient DSN status # into a generic non-address DSN status (e.g., # 4.0.0). # # REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES # This section describes how the table lookups change when # the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For # a description of regular expression lookup table syntax, # see regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5). # # Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to # the entire string being looked up. Depending on the appli- # cation, that string is an entire client hostname, an # entire client IP address, or an entire mail address. Thus, # no parent domain or parent network search is done, # user@domain mail addresses are not broken up into their # user@ and domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken # up into user and foo. # # Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the ta- # ble, until a pattern is found that matches the search # string. # # Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups, with # the additional feature that parenthesized substrings from # the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on. # # TCP-BASED TABLES # This section describes how the table lookups change when # lookups are directed to a TCP-based server. For a descrip- # tion of the TCP client/server lookup protocol, see tcp_ta- # ble(5). This feature is not available up to and including # Postfix version 2.4. # # Each lookup operation uses the entire query string once. # Depending on the application, that string is an entire # client hostname, an entire client IP address, or an entire # mail address. Thus, no parent domain or parent network # search is done, user@domain mail addresses are not broken # up into their user@ and domain constituent parts, nor is # user+foo broken up into user and foo. # # Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups. # # EXAMPLE # The following example uses an indexed file, so that the # order of table entries does not matter. The example per- # mits access by the client at address 1.2.3.4 but rejects # all other clients in 1.2.3.0/24. Instead of hash lookup # tables, some systems use dbm. Use the command "postconf # -m" to find out what lookup tables Postfix supports on # your system. # # /etc/postfix/main.cf: # smtpd_client_restrictions = # check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access # # /etc/postfix/access: # 1.2.3 REJECT # 1.2.3.4 OK # # Execute the command "postmap /etc/postfix/access" after # editing the file. # # BUGS # The table format does not understand quoting conventions. # # SEE ALSO # postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager # smtpd(8), SMTP server # postconf(5), configuration parameters # transport(5), transport:nexthop syntax # # README FILES # Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_direc- # tory" to locate this information. # SMTPD_ACCESS_README, built-in SMTP server access control # DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview # # LICENSE # The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this # software. # # AUTHOR(S) # Wietse Venema # IBM T.J. Watson Research # P.O. Box 704 # Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA # # ACCESS(5)
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